Advantage and disadvantage of globalization Essay

Innovation ideas, which are suitable to adapt changeable customers’ preferences. With the development of technology, customers preferences are always updated due to global information transmit. Global Managers are capable to create more inventive products to keep and expand global markets. 2. Localization, which can avoid cultural conflict between local customers and global company, avoid future failure of investment of subsidiary of local company. Global managers must consider customizing products to comply with local national traits and policies. On-time follow-up, which is necessary to find and solve customers’ problems, renovate and meet their requirements, to update and improve the level of global marketing. Global managers are responsible for timely feedback to customizing products. Market segment, which is flexible for global manages to make differential marketing strategy for different products in different markets. Some products with lower price and higher frequency usage can be adapted standardization strategy, which some products with high price and lower frequency usage can be adapted customization strategy. High manufacturing costs. In order to adapt different customers preferences in different markets, global companies must put their products into different manufacturing process, or different testing system, or different package operation, etc. so that the products can be customized to sale in the global market. Unavoidable national barriers. Almost every country set national trade barriers or policies to protect local companies business. And some of countries have their own cultural and religious, own living habits, global companies are difficult to enter inside without any risks or discourages. Redundant market researches. Global companies have to contribute themselves into lots of market surveys and researches, because it can influence decisions among subsidiary market. However, without local questionnaires or face meeting, data collect and calculation, case study and comparison, etc. , global managers cannot finalize a new investment program carelessly.

Pros and Cons of Partnership as a Form of Ownership Essay

Q.1 Identify the pros and cons of the partnership as a form of ownership? A partnership is formed when two or more people engage in a business activity and share investment, profit and loss. Just like any other form of ownership, it has its advantages and disadvantages. Following we discuss some of the pros and cons of a partnership. Pros of the Partnership (1) Ease of Formation: Partnership is comparatively simple to form. All you need to form a partnership is an agreement. A verbal agreement is enough to start a partnership however it is much recommended that partnership be formed based on a written legal partnership agreement. (2) Funding: Partnerships generally have a low startup cost. With two or more people investing capital in the company, the business will have a much stronger financial ground. Two or more people can also have better access to outside funds needed to run the business (3) Divided Responsibility: In a partnership responsibilities of running a business are shared by the owners. Shared responsibilities ease the work load on individuals and can also increase productivity by splitting responsibilities in a way that individuals can use their special skills to maximize the output. (4) Support: Owning and running a business can be very demanding, challenging and stressful. Having a business partner can give you a little peace of mind because a partner can provide moral support when needed. (5) Taxation: The income profit/loss in a partnership flows through the business to individual partners for taxation. In other words the partners are taxed only on the basic of personal income i-e how much loss or profit a partner endured. Cons of Partnership: (1) Liability: In a partnership both partners have un-limited liability (not in LP and LLP). Both partners are responsible for not only their own actions but also the actions of their partners. So, if your partner fails to pay a debt, you personally are responsible for paying that debt and vice versa. If someone sues the partnership and the business doesn’t have enough money to cover the expenses than the partners personal assets will be at stake. (2) Conflicts and Disagreements: Partnerships are for the long term and over the course of time conflicts arise and disagreement happens. Whether these are personal or management style conflicts. They can adversely affect the business. When general partners don’t agree it can delay the decision making time of the company and a bad conflict is enough to dissolve a partnership. (3) Dependence on Partners: The success of any partnership depends heavily on contribution from all partners. If a partner withdraws the business will be crippled, if a partner dies the partnership can die with him. Moreover you can’t make any business decision on your own you’re dependent on your partner. (4) Difficulty Withdrawing: It is not that easy to get out of a partnership. Whoever needs to withdraw will be personally liable for any monetary obligations due at the time of withdrawl. Q.2 Discuss funding options for small business? In order to run a business you need capital. Getting the money together to start a new business is the top priority of any entrepreneur. There are several ways to finance a small business. Following are some options for financing a small business. (1) Personal Resources: Using your own assets is the most common form of small business financing. You can use money from your saving, ask family or friends for capital or use a credit card. (2) Loans: In order to startup a new business, entrepreneur borrows money from the banks. The banks charge an interest rate on the money lent. The business owner must pay the original money borrowed plus the accumulated interest over the life of the loan. In today’s economy it is not easy to secure a commercial loan with the bank. A better and easier way for a new business to get a bank loan is with loan guarantee from the SBA. (3) Angels Investors: Another way to fund a small business is by private investors. Angel Investors are individuals who have a lot of money and are looking to invest a large amount into a profitable business for financial gain and profits. (4) Venture Capital: The companies who fund promising and high potential companies in exchange for ownership shares are known as venture capital firms. Venture capital is the money provided by venture capital firms to startup businesses that are perceived to have a long term growth potential. It has a high risk for investor but also has potential for above average profit returns. 3. Determine and discuss how managerial accounting can help managers with product costing, incremental analysis and budgeting? Managerial accounting provides accounting information needed by managers inside an organization to run its day to day operations. It provides managers with financial information’s needed to make sound business decisions. Managerial accounting information includes budgeting, product costing, performance reports, variance analysis and financial ratios. Following we look at three managerial duties that rely on information received from managerial accounting: (1) Product Costing: Product costing is the process of accurately determine the cost of a single product, by analyzing all the expenses that accrued from the beginning (raw material) to the end (sale). In traditional costing method indirect costs are applied to products, based on an overhead rate that is predetermined. The traditional costing system is easier and much simpler but fails to add the cost of non-manufacturing goods that are associated with the production of that item. (2) Activity Based Costing: Activity Based Costing is a new method in costing. It’s much more complicated that the traditional costing system. ABC gives a much more accurate product cost. Under activity based accounting associated with production of an item is determined and priced. This priced activity is than assigned to every product that requires the prices activity for production. Managerial accounting provides managers with the financial information needed to determine the cost of a manufactured product. (3) Incremental Analysis: Incremental Analysis is a decision making tool. It is used for the analysis of financial information needed to make an informed decision. In incremental analysis two different alternatives are weighed out in terms of cost/profit and the impact of the outcome of this analysis will have on a particular decision. It basically points our related cost and revenue of each alternative and the impact this alternative will have on future income. After using incremental analysis and choosing one alternative over the other. The cost change that occurs due to choosing the alternative is called incremental cost. Managerial accounting provides us with the numbers needed to compare two different alternatives, pick the right one and analyze the difference in cost. Budgeting: It helps managers plan and control costs and revenues. Budgeting is a tool for managers to determine how much money needs to be spent in order to generate a certain level of income. Budgeting in simple terms can be called forecasting; in budgeting we prepare a very detailed statement of financial results that are likely to happen in a time period to come. Companies use budget to plan for a future period based on financial statements. Managerial accounting provides managers with the financial statement for budgeting. Q4. Discuss the basic components of the marketing process using the product or service of your choice as an example? Marketing strategy can be described as an activity to position a product, attract customers while promoting the interest of stakeholders in a business. Marketing makes it possible to communicate the value of a product or service to consumers. Following the basic components of marketing process is explained briefly using artificial jewelry as a product. (1) Product Strategy: Methodologies, tools and technology used by a business to differentiate and distinguish its product from its competitors, is called product strategy. In terms of artificial jewelry my strategy would be to describe my product in full detail including where it was made, who it was designed by and what metals were used in its formation. I would also set my product apart by choosing appealing packaging and I would back the quality of my product by giving guarantees. And above all I would provide exemplary product designs and excellent customer service. (2) Pricing Strategy: Pricing Strategy is very important in marketing because it generates a turnover for the company and it’s also important because it affects other components of marketing as well. In terms of artificial jewelry first I would do a thorough research on competition prices, than I would calculate my final cost and select a pricing objective. I would compare my sale price with that of my competitors, and make sure that my price is lower than the competitors and value of my product is higher than the competition. Initially, I would keep my profitability low and will try to build clientele base by providing unbeatable prices. (3) Distribution Strategy: Distribution plays a very important role in marketing strategy. It involves how well the final product is delivered to the consumer. The product must be delivered to the end user in the right quantity, at the correct date and time. In terms of artificial jewelry most of my sales will be distributed at shows and festivals organized by different entities and a major part of my sales is also going to be web based. I will contact different shipping companies to find out the best courier in terms of price and value. And ship my jewelry through the best medium, at minimum amount of tie. (4) Promotion Strategy: Promotion Strategy is also vital part of marketing. A promotion strategy includes all the ways used by companies to provide information about their product in such a way that it would ultimately increase the company’s sale. In terms of artificial jewelry I would offer some sort of coupon and advertise my discount. Offer free shipping (when possible), maintain customer relations and send out promotional information to existing clients. Q.5 Discuss the role of social responsibility and technology in the marketing function. Social Responsibility in Marketing: Being socially responsible for an organization means that it cares and shows concerns about the people and environment in which they conduct business. Marketing can be described as promotion, selling and distribution of a product. Social responsibilities in marketing would first of all include truth telling about their product , all the information about the product should be correct and up to date. Companies should be concerned about their environment and take steps to make a cleaner. Companies should also show support for social causes in marketing. Company should market their product in a way that it doesn’t offend any group of people. Technology in Marketing: The technological boom in the past years had definitely revolutionized marketing. The internet has created numerous marketing opportunities for businesses. Now days there are numerous marketing firms that work exclusively on the internet. At first radio changed marketing, than TV and now it’s the age of hand held devices and internet. Marketers now days know that constant technological advances require evolution in the marketing process. With technological advances it’s much simpler and quicker to get customer feedback. It is much simpler to deliver the product to the customer and to do market research and maintain your brand reputation. Technology had had a great impact on marketing.

Students’ Perception on the Use of Google+

Running Head: Using Google+ 1 IIUM Students’ Perception on the Use of Google+ in Improving Communication Skill Siti Natrah Bt Bactiar (0918444) Kulliyyah of Human Science (Communications) International Islamic University Malaysia Instructor: Mdm Norazah Md. Idrus English for Academic Writing Section 14 6th December 2012 Using Google+ 2 AbstractFor this study, its purpose is to examine whether social networking site such as Google+ can really be used effectively by students in improving their communication skill by employing quantitative research where a sample of 25 respondents consisting of undergraduate IIUM students from the main Gombak campus for survey were used where respondents were given questionnaires which were distributed through email and Facebook.The questionnaires were done in order to answer two research questions in terms of what benefits can students gain from using Google+ as a way to improve communication skills and how can IIUM implement Google+ as a way fo r students to improve their communication skills and results from the study found that majority agreed that Google+ can help improved students’ communication skills and that they are positive that IIUM will implement this method by introducing Google+ as part of learning material, similar with e-learning.Thus, through this study, it can aid researchers who want to study on the usage and impact of social networking sites especially Google+ on the development of academic communication among university students in Malaysia and also for IIUM on ways to expand the learning environment by tackling on new ways that can aid the learning process by integrating education and social networking sites resulting in an interactive and fun way of learning between lecturer and students.Using Google+ 3 IIUM Students’ Perception on the Use of Google+ in Improving Communication Skill After the introduction of Internet in 1960’s (Brown, 2008, p. 30), the world saw a transformation i n how societies interact with each other and with the birth of Facebook in 2006 (pp. 32), it has changed how people in the 21st century would communicate with each other as more and more people are communicating and developing their relationship online.Majority of youths today spend their time communicating with their friends in social networking sites (SNS) as compared to other online communication tools such as emails, discussion forum and chat rooms as it enables the users to gain instant feedback with its realtime message capabilities and a higher respond rates, allowing them to improve their communication between each other (Goddard & Geesin, 2011, p. 51).Even though most youths especially students nowadays are communicating online with their friends and families daily through various channels of communication such as personal computers, laptops, Smart phones, mobile phones and so on, it does not indicate that their communication skills are improving. Instead, many of them show ed a lack of confidence and persuasiveness during class presentation and in public speaking as most shows signs of nervousness and lack of understanding and knowledge about their topic especially when they have to present it in front of their class.Moreover, some of them displayed poor team-player image by not participating actively in group discussion and freeriding other group members in doing their assignment. For this research, the purpose of this study is to examine whether social networking site such as Google+ can really be used effectively by students in improving their communication skill. Thus, two objectives are generated from this, which are to examine how students devote their skills, time and willingness in using their social networking site Using Google+ 4 Google+) in improving their communication skills especially in a team or group based discussion in order to prepare them for the working world and to examine factors affecting their use, which leads to the developme nt of two research questions (RQ): 1. What benefits can students gain from using Google+ as a way to improve communication skills? 2. How can IIUM implement Google+ as a way for students to improve their communication skills? According to Watson, Besmer and Lipford (2012), Google+ is a social networking site, similar to Facebook, MySpace and Twitter with an added feature for group-based sharing facilities (+Circles).Social Networking Sites (SNS) helps users to create an online profile that can be viewed by the public which allows interactive communication between the user and his or her circle of friends. As mentioned by Boyd and Ellison (2007) (as cited in Greenhow & Robelia, 2009): An online social network site (SNS) is a web-based service that allows individuals to (1) construct a public or semipublic profile within a bounded system, (2) articulate a list of other users with whom they share a connection, and (3) view and traverse their list of connections and those made by others within the system (p. ). Meanwhile, communication is defined as the means of sending or receiving information, such as telephone lines or computers (Oxford English Dictionary, 2007). However, in mass communication studies, Communication refers to your ability to share beliefs, values, ideas and feelings where it is seen as a dynamic process in which people attempt to share their internal states with other people through the use of symbols (Samovar, Porter, & McDaniel, 2010, pp. 14, 21).Thus, an effective communication consists of the ability to convey a message that is understood by the audience verbally and non-verbally such Using Google+ 5 as through gestures, facial expressions and postures and that which requires a two-way communication. As more and more youths are connected to their digital devices, their network relationships have also expanded from offline or face to face relationship to online relationship. Thus, many researches have been done to study on the usage and impa ct of social networking sites (SNS) on users’ social development.In addition, with the majority of social networking sites’ (e. g. Facebook ) users are adolescents and young adults who are still in high school and college, studies have found that social networking sites can influence the academic and social development of the students (Naeema, 2011; Ahn, 2011; Golder, Wilkinson, & Huberman, n. d. ). Moreover, Lampe, Ellison, and Steinfeld (2007) and Subrahmanyam and Greenfield (2008) mentioned that†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦emerging adults’ use of the internet is predominately social in nature, typically with people known from offline contexts. , as cited in (Reich, Espinoza, & Subrahmanyam, 2012, p. 364). However, the studies done tend to focus on the usage of Facebook and its implication on the general academic and social development of the users. There was little studies conducted on Google+ (Watson, Besmer, & Lipford, 2012), an emerging social networking site that was in troduced by Google in mid 2011 (Pascopella, 2011) which provides a more comprehensive features that are unique from Facebook such as +Circles that lets the user to share information that can only be known by selected group of friends.With Google+, students can gain considerable benefits as compared to Facebook with its features that can be used for group or team discussions. In addition with the lack of studies on the usage of Google+ by students, little research was done to explore on students usage and willingness in using social networking sites in improving communication skills. Using Google+ 6 MethodParticipants For this study, a sample of 25 respondents for survey were used which composed of undergraduate International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) students from the main Gombak campus who are currently taking courses offered in the Gombak campus such as IRK, HS, KAED, ENGIN, EDU, ICT, AIKOL and ENMS. The 25 respondents were selected from students in EAW class of section 1 4 and those who have answered the questionnaires which was posted through Facebook.Materials Respondents were given questionnaires that were done through Google Drive (see Appendix 1) consisting of 12 questions that are divided into three sections with three compulsory questions on gender, Kuliyyah and level of study of the respondents while Section B consists of questions on having a social network account, frequency in updating their social network profile, user of Google+ and time spent connecting to social network site and Google+ which can help to answer the first objectives while for the third section (Section C) was used to answer the second objective and two research questions, one question using eight-element questionnaire using Likert-like scale was used and three other questions on reason for using Google+ and how IIUM can implement Google+ into their system.Procedures The questionnaire was distributed to the 20 respondents via email by providing them the link to access t he questionnaire from Google Drive while the remaining five respondents were provided with the link to the questionnaire by posting the link on own Facebook profile. The purpose and objective of the research were stated clearly in the questionnaire for Using Google+ 7 respondents’ clarification and the questionnaire only took five minutes for respondents to complete. Data Analysis Descriptive statistics is used in analyzing the data and as the research instrument used in collecting the data was questionnaire, it will involved numbers making it easier for the data to be quantified.In descriptive statistics, frequencies such as percentages and graphs such as bar chart will be used in describing the data as it will focused on the differences such as the highest and lowest amount which will help in examining the frequencies of usage in social networking sites especially Google+. Google Drive provided the service of analyzing the data and describing it through graphs. In addition to Google Drive, Microsoft Excel will also be used. Using Google+ 8 Results The questions from the questionnaire (See Appendix 1) are generated in order to answer two research questions for this study which are 1) What benefits can students gain from using Google+ as a way to improve communication skills? 2) How can IIUM implement Google+ as a way for students to improve their communication skills? nd from the data that have been collected, 15 respondents (60 percent) agree that Google+ can be beneficial to students especially in improving communication skills while only two respondents (8 percent) strongly agree that Google+ can help improve communication skill. On the other hand, there is a balance between the number of respondents who disagree that Google+ can be beneficial to students in improving their communication skills with four respondents (16 percent) expressed disagreement while another four respondents expressed strong disagreement, as illustrated in the figure below: F igure 1 taken from Microsoft Excel Using Google+ 9 Meanwhile, pertaining to the second research question (How can IIUM implement Google+ as a way for students to improve their communication skills? ), the question ‘If yes, how do you think it can be implemented? is used in order to identify how students perceives the method for implementation of Google+ by IIUM with answers provided for them to check (See Appendix) . The answers from the respondents are listed in the figure below:- Figure 2 taken from Microsoft Excel As respondents can tick more than one answer for this question, almost half of the respondents chose ‘introducing Google+ as part of learning material, similar with e-learning’ (48 percent) while ‘introduce more team-based learning or collaborative learning through using Google+’ came a close second with 26 percent. Meanwhile, with a minor difference of 3 percent is the answer ‘making it compulsory for students to open a Google+ acc ount’ (23 percent).In contrast, ‘other’ only constitutes of 3 percent or only checked by one respondent who stated that there is no need to use Google+. Using Google+ 10 Thus, with the findings of the data collected from respondents are illustrated from the figures above, it shows how the findings have answered the two research questions for this study. For the rest of the answers from the respondents, it can be viewed from the summary of the responses (See Appendix 2). Discussion Based on the results from the survey, it can be deduced that a majority of respondents viewed Google+ positively as being beneficial to IIUM students in improving their communication skill, especially in a team or group based discussion.This is also inline with the studies by Naeema (2011) where majority of Sultan Qaboos University (SQU) students that were asked, were willing to use social networking sites for better academic communication and learning with all agreed that social networ king sites such as Facebook and other social networks are great form of communication that enable groups to meet and discuss matters (p. 99, 100). This shows that students in general are open to new way of learning, as evident in IIUM students’ willingness to use social networking sites such as Google+ in improving their communication skills. In addition, regarding on how IIUM can implement Google+ for students use in improving their communication skills, most respondents perceived that IIUM will introduce Google+ as part of learning material, akin to e-learning which can be advantageous to the student. Unlike -learning where communication mainly occur between the instructor or lecturer with their student (owner of the account) only, Google+ can offer a wide communication between the lecturer and the rest of his or her students and also students with their fellow classmates as long as they have a Google+ account. This is also similar to naeema’s (2011, p. 101) viewpoin t where according to her, ‘by integrating social network Using Google+ 11 technologies into the learning environments, students will learn from each other, explore regulations from experiences where students at advanced levels can help beginners’. Similarities between methodology used and the topic of research played a role in the outcome of this research.Both researches used university students who are active users of social networking sites and both employed quantitative research especially survey using questionnaire in gathering their data. In addition, the topic of research are somewhat similar with each other with Naeema doing a study on social networking as a tool for extending academic learning and communication whereas for EAW research, it tackles on IIUM students’ perception on the use of Google+ in improving communication skill. Using Google+ 12 Conclusion In conclusion, Google+ can be used by IIUM students in improving their communication skill as majo rity of respondents agreed that Google+ can help improved their communication skill and their optimism in how IIUM can implement Google+ into their curriculum.In addition, from the data collected, it has also fulfilled the objectives of this study as most of the respondents asked were active users of social networking sites and who mostly used these sites such as Google+ to keep in touch with friends and families and also for academic communication. Through this, the purpose of study which is to examine whether social networking site such as Google+ can really be used effectively by students in improving their communication skill, have been answered. Moreover, through this research, it can aid researchers who want to study on the usage and impact of social networking sites especially Google+ on the development of academic communication among university students in Malaysia as few researches has been done on Google+ and its perceived usefulness in improving communication skills of st udents especially in Malaysia .In addition, it can help IIUM on ways to expand the learning environment by tackling on new ways that can aid the learning process by integrating education and social networking sites and widen their perspectives on social networking sites being not just to establish and strengthen social relationship only but it can also help students in academic development which results in an interactive and fun way of learning between the lecturer and students. As the study was done through using limited number of respondents in terms of sample used and the method for data collection, the study may not have a high reliability and it may not reflect the perceptions and views of all university and college students in Malaysia. Using Google+ 13Thus, due to this limitation, this research can be improved in the future by changing the methods that have been used by this research such as increasing the number of respondents, changing the sample population by choosing stud ents from all universities and colleges in Malaysia or changing the type of research by using qualitative research such as in-depth interview or focus group instead. Thus, by changing the methods used it can lead to a different results of the study. In addition, by changing the purpose and objective of the study it can also direct the researcher to collecting different data and findings, for example, instead of looking at how Google+ can be used for academic development, the researcher can try to study on the impact of Google+ on the academic achievement. Using Google+ 14 References Ahn, J. (2011).The Effects of Social Network Sites on Adolescents' Social and Academic Development: Current Theories and Controversies. Journal of The American Society for Information Science and Technology, 62(8), 1435-1445. doi:10. 1002/asi. 21540 Brown, D. (2008). Chapter 2: Historical Perspectives on Communication Technology. In A. E. Grant, & J. H. Meadows (Eds. ), Communication Technology Update an d Fundamentals (11th ed. , pp. 30-31). Oxford: Focal Press. Goddard, A. , & Geesin, B. (2011). Unit four: e-language 2: real-time writing; social networking sites. In A. Goddard, B. Geesin, A. Beard, & A. Goddard (Eds. ), Language and Technology (1st ed. , pp. 51-52).London: Routledge. Golder, S. , Wilkinson, D. , & Huberman, B. (n. d. ). Rhythms of social interaction: messaging within a massive online. Palo Alto: HP Labs. Greenhow, C. , & Robelia, B. (2009). Old Communication, New Literacies: Social Network Sites as Social Learning Resources. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14, 1130–1161. doi:10. 1111/j. 1083-6101. 2009. 01484. x Naeema, H. J. (2011). Social Networking as a Tool for Extending Academic Learnning and Communication. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(12), 93-102. Oxford English Dictionary. (2007). e-kamus 5. 02 Professional Edition. Alaf Teras. Pascopella, A. (2011, October).Will Google+ Be the Answer for Safe Social Networking? District Administration, p. 1. Using Google+ 15 Reich, S. M. , Espinoza, G. , & Subrahmanyam, K. (2012). Friending, IMing, and Hanging out Face-to-Face: Overlap in Adolescents' Online and Offline Social Networks. Developmental Psychology, 48(2), 356-368. doi:10. 1037/a0026980 Samovar, L. A. , Porter, R. E. , & McDaniel, E. R. (2010). Communication Between Cultures (7th ed. ). Boston: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Watson, J. , Besmer, A. , & Lipford, H. R. (2012). +Your Circles: Sharing Behavior on Google+. Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS), (pp. 1-10). Washington. Using Google+ 16 Appendix 1 Using Google+ 17 Appendix 2

IT Failures in History and How They Could Have Been Avoided Research Paper

IT Failures in History and How They Could Have Been Avoided - Research Paper Example Why did the companies never focus on advertising as they would have? While researching this topic, I realized that some of the products were not globally recognized. Why were the products not globally known to consumers all around the world? May be the communication was not good enough. The most important question that prevails in my mind is that why the communication networks were not used as extensively as they would have to market the high-tech products? (Flyvbjerg, 2011). From this situation of products of IT falling in the market, we can derive that there was a lack of communications all across the globe. Particularly, there is a desperate need for efficient teamwork which makes sure that the whole organization thinks the same way. Famous leaders, such as Cameron have comprehended that a mutual structure for a strong hand by the government will ensure enhanced communications. The communications process should be well recognized and well integrated all across the organization (So urcing Shangri-La, 2011). The worldwide language of end-to-end business procedure has to be holistic particularly. The whole communication process has to be well integrated within the organization so that it spends enough on advertising and promotion to let people know of the company’s products. The combination of risks, analysis, compliance, quality, and document has to well integrate in the firm. Different stakeholder groups have to be treated differently by the management of the firm to support IT processes with the businesses. Also, bolster the people through continuous improvement of the organization (Sourcing Shangri-La, 2011). These problems, issues and questions have been answered by prestigious leaders in the field of Information Technology. As described earlier, an integrated system of communications has to be used by the company. Obviously, this is not an easy task practically. Theoretically, it seems like it is clear and neat but realistically, it is not. Complete execution of communications also goes through confrontation which is beyond the normal pace of work (The TIME Magazine). It is difficult to shift the whole culture of information technology communications to welcome simplicity and new levels of accountability and visibility in the organization. But, there is an even greater reason for just adhering to things and viewing change as hazardous. It is because management wants to keep a level of control and certainty to itself which is prevalent in the cases of bigger projects. The project control cannot be lost and so all activities need to be coordinated within the organization for a much wide viewpoint. This is the prime way that huge IT failures can be avoided or eschewed and millions of dollars could be saved (The TIME Magazine). Approximately ninety percent of all SMEs close down almost two years after losing data that could never get recovered. According to the Manager Director at City Lifeline, Roger Keenan, SME’s are the ones most susceptible to data losses as six hours of downtime makes pay for a working day. It is important for SMEs to save files not only on hard drives but also on secure and protected locations which are off the site. Also, collocation data centers assist in these disasters when all the information is gone by safeguarding the servers and equipments which are

Global Training and development Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Global Training and development - Research Paper Example A trendy phrase employed in organisational communication, as well as other organisational circles these days, is employee engagement. The phrase is used in describing members of a company who are individually invested in their duty and in the triumph of their business. These are not people who are just marking time or putting in hours, but those who, in reality, care about the organisation’s future. They are also willing to invest their effort and time to guarantee organisational success. A study carried out among non-international companies in Europe shows that only about one in every four workers actively take part in their roles. In addition, as many as one in ten workers are actively disengaged in their duties. To use an accepted example, this would imply that if you were to place a football team on the pitch, then only two players would be absolutely dedicated and keen to take the individual initiative to assist the team succeed, and one of the players could be actively i mpairing the team’s attempts through their meager attitude and resistance to direction from the coaching team. Imagine attempting to win a game with that blend of players, yet a majority of organisations are attempting to participate in a global environment today with precisely that type of lineup (Foster, 2000). Effective leaders and successful organisations find techniques to enhance their odds, perfectly setting up a culture and climate in which every member is truly incorporated (Earley, 2008). This shows the importance of expatriate development and cross cultural training, as well as development for expatriates. Not surprisingly, when scholars or theorists talk about means to improve or achieve employee engagement, the dialogue turns to the culture of the corporation, and the role of leadership in forming and sustaining that culture. Normally, successful organisational culture looms on such variables as confidence, credibility and collaboration, where a hefty measure of power shifts from leaders to their subjects. Even though, not particularly writing on employee engagement, Brislin (2008), and Darby (2007), wrote of organisations that successfully compete amidst the hurdles of globalisation, expanding unrelenting social change and technologies. Both the author believed that leadership was essential, not just at the chief executive officer level, but at all levels of the organisation. Leaders of today should recognise that a serious measure of their success is their skill to develop and inspire other leaders within their organisations. Organisational leaders should serve as architects who successfully analyze the present cultural structure of their companies and redesign them so that the culture itself turns into a source of engagement and energy. Expatriate development is known to be extremely helpful in erecting internationally recognised companies. Also, due to globalisation, it is vital for organisations to be willing to embrace diversity in or der to be able to compete internationally. The importance of diversity cannot be overemphasised, but it is vital to note that diversity enables organisations to better establish themselves as international organisations because they have a wider pool of resources and ideas. Also, as companies grow and develop into more complex surroundings, management and leadership hurdles grow, as well. The leader of a small, local organisation

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT - Essay Example L&D of employees gives them the required motivation to continue working in the organisation. Therefore, it is important to note that employee L&D initiatives aim at capacity building which essentially translates to higher performance and increased efficiency. Organisations are required to meet set targets and remain focused on their vision and mission and a skilled and knowledgeable workforce bridges the gap between targets and achievements. This paper will look into L&D strategies in organisations, methods of L&D and leaning styles and models at work. L&D strategy in organisations L&D strategies are vastly used by managers to manage the different talents within an organisational setting while building a culture of development. In order to accomplish these successfully, determination of employees’ development needs is essential. A great deal of learning within an organisation occurs as employees interact with one another and the management needs to encourage this development. Peer coaching programs can be of assistance where skills are transferred from one employee to the other. Formal mentoring approaches can also be initiated so as to attain specific development objectives and they include needs assessment, program design and management, mentor and mentee and evaluation programs (Wilton 2010). Learning groups can also be used where peers come up with specific goals to achieve which are embedded in a practical structure. Leadership development skills can also be imparted through learning groups where a senior member of staff brings forth discussions on real scenarios in the workplace. These groups use case studies, presentations and problems solving discussions among others in order to enhance understanding of concepts. Tasks at the workplace can also serve to boost employee skills acting as on-the-job learning. A good L&D strategy needs to have certain elements one of them being a sound L&D philosophy which entails a clearly defined structure which L&D initiatives should follow. Secondly, aims of the L&D strategy should be well spelt out in order to facilitate direction of organisation’s energy and resources. Priorities for L&D also need to be put forth so as to give sequence of events (Mayo 2004). The strategy should also include transferring of responsibilities bestowed on senior management to lower ranking staff. It is important to note that learning is both formal and informal as briefly highlighted above. Informal learning is quite relevant to employee needs while formal one is relevant to needs of some people and not others. Informal learning involves taking care of individual needs while formal teaches the same things to all irrespective of unique needs. Informal learning is learner centred while the other is trainer centred (Clifford and Thorpe 2007). Informal learning is easily transferable while the formal one is at times hard to apply. Formal learning is predominantly in the work setting while formal one happens elsewhere. Organisational learning enhances good management skills thereby facilitating management development. Organisational learning interrelates with learning culture which ensures that all employees are continuously learning as they work. In order to develop a working culture an organisation should have a vision that is shared by all. It should endeavour to empower employees through policies, behaviour expectations and ceding as much responsibility as possible to facilitate growth in decision making skills (Clifford and Tho

Retrospective Analysis of a Change in the Psychiatric ICU Essay

Retrospective Analysis of a Change in the Psychiatric ICU - Essay Example There are several change management theories that have been proposed and almost all theories concur, that the success and failure of any change is related to the people factor. It is largely the emotional reactions of people involved in the change process that needs to be managed. Partnership, participation and commitment of staff responsible to implement new processes becomes critical, else any plan is likely to fail. Change management also emphasizes that people's fears need to be managed and trust needs to be built hence communication becomes critical. Researchers have highlighted that involving staff in the planning of change, facilitating communication between departments and backing of senior management can go a long way in ensuring desired outcomes. Any new idea or change in existing practice, is often met with resistance by people who are involved in such transformations. Disruption in expectation is considered as loss of control (cited by, Brck, 2002). Resistance could be higher if people are not given clarity on the goals of new processes and the benefits that one hopes to achieve by implementing the change (Doppler and Lauterburg, 2000). The reaction is triggered by the psychological need for security and predictability. Fear of the unknown holds people back from embracing any change in process or structure. As noted by (Block, 1981, p. 113), "typical forms of resistance, or better symptoms of resistance, beside the most obvious form of attacking, are: Silence, debating unimportant things, staying away, coming to late to meetings, flooding with detail, intrigues, rumours etc...".This can be counter productive as has been proven by Kotter (1995) who shows that two thirds of the changes end in failure. Theorists agree that resistance is a natural reaction to change which need not be explained away with logic or ignored, it needs to be dealt with as soon as it encountered, acknowledging that people are humans with a bundle of emotions that need to be tackled. It therefore becomes important to elicit people's responses to change and address their concerns. The techniques available to change leaders for combating resistance abound in literature. Being participative (Coch & French, 1948, 512-532), using transition management (Ackerman, 1982, P. 46-66), making use of political diagnostic tools (Cobb, 1986, p.482-496), following an one to one approach (Coghlan, 1993), fostering a learning organization (Garratt, 1994), using the seven keys for successful change (Carr, 1994,55-58), or working as transformational leaders (Parry, 1996) are all helpful starting points for change leaders. The task however is challenging since it involves complex emotions. However, it is also true that when peo ple are asked to participate and their ideas respected, their commitment to the change process will increase (Armenakis & Bedeian, 1999).Final success can well depend on the maturity of change leaders (McClelland, 1975). It is also worth pointing out as noted by Chapman (2005), "certain types of people - the reliable/dependable/steady/habitual/process-oriented types - often find change very unsettling. People who welcome change are not generally

Controversial topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Controversial topic - Essay Example Several possible negative effects have been listed that risks the environment, human health and socio-economic concerns. The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations discussed the possibility of genes introduced in GMOs escaping or transferring to other members of the same species and perhaps other species that are the non-target. These transgenes or foreign DNA sequence interaction in the cell, plant or ecosystem level, once released will be impossible to recall. Furthermore, there are no conclusive tests to affirm that artificial insertion of genes will not destabilize an organism, encourage mutations or whether the inserted gene itself will be stable in the organism over generations (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). There is also a well-placed concern on the possibility of introducing foreign genes would negatively impact the health of humans. Author Doris Lin cited studies conducted on rats on a GMO diet that showed problems in their liver and kidneys (Lin). A point to also consider with GMOs is it might result to the birth of a different allergen that can develop life-threatening allergies in people. Socio-economically, the biotechnology research which is the precursor of GMOs is actually lengthy and costly process spearheaded by the private sector. It is big business, with the wish to ensure the return of investment. Advocates have raised their concerns that the market dominance in the agricultural sector would cause the famers’ loss of access to plant material. These would deeply impact small-scale farmers by making them pay for crop varieties bred from genetic material that originally came from their own fields but whose specific genetic modification strains have been patented by big agro-biotech companies (Whitman). If these companies would raise the price of the seeds for their own profit and advancement, small

Georgia State Flag Issue Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Georgia State Flag Issue - Research Paper Example This essay discusses that the state of Georgia has had the greatest number of flags in the United States’ history. Controversies over the design of the Georgian State Flag have existed for a long time. Recently, Georgia’s flag was changed thrice between January 2001 and May 2003. The reason for these changes was the presence of the Confederate Battle symbol on the flag. The inclusion of the Confederate Battle Flag on the Georgian flag in 1956 has caused the greatest controversy in the history of Georgia’s flags. Criticisms of the flag began as soon as the flag was authorized and continued until the design was changed in 2001. The announcement by Governor Zell Miller of Georgia in 1992 that he would support the removal of the Confederate Battle symbol from the Georgian flag aroused renewed arguments. Governor Zell Miller attempted to redesign the Georgian flag but his efforts were thwarted by intense debates by the state’s elected representatives. Efforts t o redesign the flag were revived in 2000 when some black leaders from Atlanta pushed for the removal of the Confederate stars and bars from the flag or else they would boycott events such as the NCAA basketball tournament. A new flag design was revealed to the public and legislators. The new flag was meant to unite all Georgians and it minimized the prominence of the Confederate Battle flag from the Georgian flag. However, the Georgians were not satisfied with this flag and another one was designed in 2003. Currently, the Georgians use the 2003 flag design that they voted for in a referendum in 2004. This paper explores the controversy surrounding the Georgian flag and the reasons for changing the flag design numerous times. The legislators who championed the change of the flag are also discussed. Causes of Georgia’s Flag Controversy The main source of controversy was the inclusion of the Confederate Battle Flag in the Georgian flag. This flag was used by the Confederate Stat es of America during the Civil War. The Confederate States of America consisted of Southern American States that had broken away from the Union. The Confederate Battle Flag, also referred to as the Southern Cross, consisted of a blue St. Andrews cross on a red square background1. Thirteen white stars were enclosed on the blue cross representing the number of the states of the Confederacy. The blue cross was enclosed in thin white borders. This flag was widely accepted by the members of the public and the soldiers. The Confederate Battle symbol was incorporated into Georgia’s flag in 1956. There was a proposal to include the Confederate Battle Flag in Georgia’s state flag in 1955. Senate Bill No. 98 was introduced by Senators Willis Harden and Jefferson Lee Davis to change the design of Georgia’s state flag. The law authorizing the use of the new flag design was signed in 1956 by Governor Marvin Griffin. This was a sign of defiance to the Federal government for i nterfering with the rights of the state. One of the contentious issues at that time was racial integration in schools. The legislators were fighting the move by the Supreme Court to allow integration of races in public schools. The symbol was widely used in entertainment, books, and clothes and was used to show opposition to the Federal government. This flag was used in the state of Georgia as from 1956 to 2001. However, during this period, there were protests from Georgians because of the inclusion of the Confederate Battle Flag. Many people were dissatisfied with the design2. In the 1980s and 1990s, several Bills were introduced in an attempt to change the flag to the previous design3. Since the inclusion of the confederate battle flag in Georgia’s flag, there have been several attempts to change it. However, the controversy that occurred between 1990 to the present was the most intense, leading to the change of the

Critique Paper - All Quiet on the Western Front Essay

Critique Paper - All Quiet on the Western Front - Essay Example Pauls’ suppression of emotions has made him into an emotional cripple who is unable to relate to his family and live a normal life outside the battlefield (Remarque). Being stuck in a shell hole with a man he stabbed forces Paul to consider the nature of war and how it makes strangers into enemies. The horrors of war take away his friends one by one and often in front of his own eyes. He is ruined by war and when he is given a short leave, he wonders how he will adjust to civilian life, Paul dies during an enemy attack and he doesn’t have to find out how his life would have been off the battlefield (Remarque). Paul is the novel’s main protagonist and his inner battle with his feelings and actions is what is intriguing about him. His personality and the way war forces Paul to behave are in stark contrast to each other. He was a sensitive young lad, full of idealism and life but war made him into a remorseless soldier who must remain emotionally numb in order to survive on the battlefield. Paul’s past and future are snatched away by war and he struggles to remember what his past was like and wonders what his future will be without war. But despite all this, he still has some humanity left in him and there are instances where he is overcome by grief. This struggle is representative of all those men who were enlisted to fight in the army at a very young age and Pauls’ story is similar to all those adolescents who lost their childhood, their friends, their family and even their lives on the battlefield. The trauma and hardship they suffer snatches away their innocence and Paul was long dead on the inside before the war actually killed him. Paul’s story revolves around the main theme of the novel which is about the horrors of war and its effect on the soldiers. War is often painted with glory and honor but this book sets out to debunk those notions and show war through the eyes of a soldier. It shows the butchery of

Discuss leadership and leadership styles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discuss leadership and leadership styles - Essay Example This leads to complexity and diversity of leadership and its styles. Leadership definitions have been attributed to well known personality traits wherein, styles of leadership evolves through practicing and blending leadership techniques in various combination. However, managing human and material resources to achieve the organizational objectives remains the prime measure in gauging the worth of a leadership. But this trend of leadership assessment has undergone a major change in the recent past and now instead of looking for some specific qualities of leadership in leaders, leaders are judge by their own specific styles. â€Å"As leadership theory developed, researchers moved away from studying what traits the leader had and placed emphasis on what he or she did --- the leader’s style of leadership† (Marquis & Huston, 2009). The diversity and depth in leadership styles has abstained researchers from reaching a unanimous classification of leadership styles. However som e recurring styles that have emerged and deliberated since long, may qualify for standard leadership styles in nursing. These styles may include Authentic, Servant, Transformational, Charismatic, Autocratic, Democratic, Laissez-Faire, Bureaucratic leadership style etc.

Juvenile Probation and Community-based Corrections Essay Example for Free

Juvenile Probation and Community-based Corrections Essay This society is much more different than that of yesterday. Today, the country is encountering the biggest economic crisis, the war against Iraq seems to be endless, and the crime rates are increasing to a highly alarming level. As depressing as this current situation appears, the even more devastating part is that the juveniles have been partly responsible for the crime and violence all over the country. Juvenile delinquents are young people. To be more specific, they are individuals below the legal age or under eighteen who have been convicted of a crime. In some states, the legal age for criminal liability has been lowered down to 14 years old (Hill Hill, 2005). Criminal Justice System is a very complicated and diverse field, and the aspect concerning juvenile delinquency has always been on top of controversies and heated debates. These young people are in the early stages of their lives and as such, it is difficult to devise and implement the exact measure that will be necessary and effective for them to learn their lesson. Everybody knows that breaking the law and committing serious crime and violence are unthinkable; however, a more unbearable and heartbreaking thought would be finding out that the law offenders and crime doers are children who, at their very young age, are supposed to be blissfully unaware of the devastating aspect of being a grown-up. They should be in school studying, playing and enjoying their innocence (McCurley Snyder, 2004). Examining all the different angles of juvenile delinquency can be a very complex process, and as such, different measures and approaches are necessary. The observation made by many was that the plans and programs enacted focus too much in the offense, and they may have lost their perspective on the treatment. Some states lowered the age of accountability from juveniles to adults. The courts, on the other hand, created minimum sentences depending on the offense. The problem created in these situations lie in the application. These are offense-based strategies. They create an assumption that the youth who committed a crime should be dealt with no matter what. These laws completely disregard the age, level of maturity, individual differences, and the competence of the person in making judgments. For instance, in Virginia, New York, and other states, laws relating to juveniles have been adjusted to include young children who committed serious crimes to be tried as adults and not as juveniles (University of Pittsburgh, n. d. ). When asked about this new reform, these states simply stated that there are times when the child committed crimes in ways that are heinous and unthinkable, and as such, the acts cannot be perceived as the works of a child. Therefore, the court deemed it proper that they be tried and punished as adults (MoneyInstructor. com, 2009). Rehabilitation and not punishment should be the main aim of juvenile delinquency laws. The presumption is that adolescents are very fragile during their growing years. Thus, they should be treated with extreme care and sensitivity. In order to make an effective prevention plan, one must first understand the person’s main reason in being involved in these criminal activities in order for different methods and approaches in disciplining them to be enforced. The government has not given up hope in reaching out to these youngsters, so they made available community and residential treatments as well as non-residential and institutionalized treatments. A person will be placed by the court on probation when it becomes convinced that the child poses no harm or danger to himself and to the society. Probation is a supervised program commanded by the court of competent jurisdiction in instances wherein the offender is a youth which has been convicted of a criminal act. In this case, the person’s freedom is limited, and his or her activities are restricted and are under the custody of the Department of Juvenile Justice. It is mandated by the court that the youth should follow all the conditions and sanctions in connection with the offense (Florida Department of Juvenile Justice, 2005). Some of the conditions under which a youth is released for probation are being home on a specific time of the day upon the request of the probation officer, attending school, and obeying its rules and regulations constantly. The court may also order the youth to avoid going to a particular type of place and to avoid mingling with a group of people. As of 1999, statistics show that four out of ten juvenile delinquency cases or approximately more than one half were placed under probation (Elrod Ryder, 2005). Community-based correction and treatment pertains to the different kinds of overseeing, control, and support for the youth offenders. These plans and programs were organized because the government firmly believes that one of the efficient and effective ways to influence the young people to change their bad attitudes and behaviors and become a better person is to assist and give them responsibilities that belong to a normal person within a particular community (Elrod Ryder, 2005). It is important for the juvenile to be affiliated with a group. This will give him or her a chance to socialize and be acquainted with other people with whom he or she can relate to. This environment is especially set up and programmed for the children to feel as normal as possible and for them to be engaged in community-related activities. Making these youngsters feel that they are significant and accepted in the society will help speed up their rehabilitation. The government strongly supports the community treatment for juveniles because of the symbiotic relationship created. In this atmosphere, everybody has a role to play; therefore, no one would feel less important and insignificant (Streib Sametz, 2006). Restitution has also been made a part of the community treatment. In restitution, the offender gives either monetary payment or community service in proportion to the damages that the victim suffered. This is a way of reimbursing the victim for everything that he or she experienced because of the crime. The rationale behind this type of treatment is that rehabilitation in the lightest and mildest form may lead the offender to think about what he did. Putting a child in a penal establishment even for just a minor infraction would not rehabilitate him or her; it would ruin the child’s life and his or her perspective for the worst, thereby destroying his or her life (Streib Sametz, 2006). Community-based programs for correction and rehabilitation aim to achieve several objectives. These include but are not limited to sanctioning the youth offenders, assisting them in identifying themselves in relation to the community that they belong to, and helping them realize that being in this program is much better than being placed inside a penal establishment. There are times when they should realize the truth of their current situation because some of these young offenders resist being helped and would rather be put in an institution. Helping them see the possibilities and changes that may occur by reason of their cooperation in the community will help them gain a variety of new perspectives, and in some instances, this is an effective strategy (Elrod Ryder, 2005). Every treatment given is on a case-to-case basis depending on the situation. Thus, there is no treatment proven to be most effective for all juveniles. The community-based treatment generates different results. The test to measure whether or not a program worked is the recidivism rate. If the offender, after finishing the rehabilitation plan, never committed another crime again, that is only the time when the program can be declared as effective (Streib Sametz, 2006). There are also several pieces of evidence that prove that this program is less inexpensive than institutional-based programs. Other programs for youth offenders have been evaluated, and according to the findings, they do not produce great improvement as shown by subsequent acts of the offenders. The government was not surprised to a certain extent because the disparity between the community-based approach and other types of programs can be readily ascertained. Due to these results, some states are making a huge effort to shift their plan of action to community-based systems (Streib Sametz, 2006). There are many factors that come into play regarding the causes and effects of juvenile delinquency. The parents, the church, and the community greatly influence the upbringing of these children. In most cases, the root of the problem for these youth is lack of self-acceptance, guidance, and attention. The future of the country lies in the hands of these children, and if they mess up their present, they will have no future ahead of them. The juvenile justice system is continuing and struggling to attain its purpose in giving the youth a second chance at life because of that promising hope of a brighter tomorrow for the entire country.

Wuthering Heights: Questions and Answers

Wuthering Heights: Questions and Answers Mr. Lockwood remembered he was sleeping on a wooden bed and the wind and tree branches were hitting the window. He was so upset by the noise, while, in a dream, got up and tried to open the window. He failed, because seems the window was welded, and then broke the glass with his fist and pulled his hand to remove the annoying branch, but instead of the branch he felt a small icy hand, touching him. He was terrified, and wanted to remove his arm, but the little hand grabbed him while he begged her to let him go, Mr. Lockwood asked him who she was and she replied: Catherine Linton, she said she got lost and she was back home now. He did not know why he remembered the name Linton, although he had read twenty times the surname Earnshaw. He looked and saw the face of a girl through the window. He was horrified, trying to get rid of the girl, she was grabbing his fists against the glass, until the glass cut his fists and the blood came and soaked the sheets, she kept moaning, Let me in,. Mr. Lockwood was completely terrorized. He asked her to let him go, the ghost of Catherine eased the pressure. He put his hand inside through the gap of broken glass; He tried to put books in the whole of the broken glass, and covered his ears, avoiding to listen the painful plea. He waited some time, maybe fifteen minutes, but once again he heard the same plea. Go away! Mr. Lockwood told Catherine. Catherines ghost seemed to enter and push the books, the scream terrified. That scream was not a dreaming. Steps approached the door of the bedroom. Someone opened the door, Mr. Lockwood sat in his bed, sweating, trembling terrified. Make some predictions: Heathcliff next begs Cathy to come to him once more. Who do you think this older Cathy might have been? Why might she be haunting Wuthering Heights? I think Heathcliff was in love with this older Cathy; she must passed away and left him alone in pain with his love. Chapter Four: Mrs. Dean explains the relationships between the various characters so far. Refer to the Family Tree that you created for the Character Activity; it shows a near-incestuous series of intermarriages. Choose the letter of the correct completion for each sentence below: Heathcliff is Hareton Earnshaws i. Father ii. Uncle iii. Father-in-law iv. Step-brother Catherine Linton is Heathcliffs i. Daughter ii. Foster sister iii. Wife iv. Daughter-in-law Hareton is Catherine Lintons i. Step-brother ii. Brother iii. Cousin iv. No relation We now have two narrators for the novel. Although the novel is told through a first person point-of-view, Brontes strategy results in more omniscience than we might normally expect. Explain. Choose the correct explanation for Heathcliffs arrival in the Earnshaw family: Mr. Earnshaw went to Liverpool on a business trip and brought a gypsy boy home with him. Mrs. Earnshaw objected strenuously, but her husband insisted that they name the boy after their dead son, Heathcliff, and that they raise him as their own. Both Cathy and Hindley hated the little stranger and bullied him well into his teens. Mr. Earnshaw returned from a business trip with a black peasant boy that he had rescued from the city streets. Named Heathcliff, he proved to be a quiet, uncomplaining child, even when ill. Nelly Dean was his only ally, however, as no one else in the family would have anything to do with him. Hindley beat Heathcliff every chance he got, and Catherine left him on the stairs rather than permit him a bed in the house. Mr. Earnshaw went to Liverpool on business, and brought a ragged, dark child home with him. Heathcliff, as he came to be named, became Mr. Earnshaws favorite, over his own two children, which caused Hindley, the eldest, to hate the newcomer. The rivalry between Hindley and Heathcliff sometimes turned violent. Chapter Five: Identify two Gothic elements of the novel from the first five chapters. Bad weather accompanies unpleasant events. Lockwood meets Catherines ghost during an unseasonable and unexpected snowstorm, Mr. Earnshaw dies while a high wind blustered round the house and roared in the chimney, and Heathcliff runs away while a storm came rattling over the Heights in full fury What is the main event of this chapter? Mr. Earnshaw started to get sicker and his character was getting worse, and more and more he preferred to Heathcliff over his own son, the relationship between his son and Heathcliff got worse by the day. Mr. Earnshaw protected more Heathcliff than Hindley, until finally he sent his son away from Wuthering Heights, Mr. Earnshaw finally died one night in the company of old Cathy. Chapter Six: Chapter 6 employs a time-honoured strategy for throwing together potential lovers: the lady becomes ill or injured and cannot leave the gentlemans home for a protracted length of time. Explain why Catherine went to the Lintons in the first place and describe the event that led to her remaining at Thrushcross Grange. Heathcliff and Cathy went to spy on the Lintons family just to get away from Hindley, but the dogs found them and got Cathy from her leg, she was hurt and was asked to stay at the Lintons while Heathcliff was asked to leave. She stayed at Thrushcross Grange five weeks until her ankle was complete cure. She came different, was not a savage anymore instead was a pretty lady now. Heathcliff isnt invited to stay because he is so ragged and dirty. He was not always this way. Why is he no longer Catherines equal? Because his protector Mr. Earnshaw died and since he didnt have anyone to take care of him and Hindley hated him, Heathcliff was reduced to be a servant and to do more work, Hindley did not let him live as part of the family anymore. Chapter Seven: Nelly Dean finds fault with Heathcliffs face. What advice does she give him to improve its expression of a vicious cur? Nelly Dean recommended Heathcliff to change his attitude and try to learn to smooth away the surly wrinkles, to raise his frankly, and to change that expression of an angry dog. Nelly disobeys Hindleys orders and allows Heathcliff to have some of the cakes that are reserved for Catherine and the Lintons, but Heathcliff has no appetite for them. Instead, he is meditating on what subject? Heathcliff is meditating in how Cathy forgot already about him and comparing himself with Edgar Linton, he felt miserable and lonely. Chapter Eight: Hindleys son, Hareton, is born, but his beloved wife dies. First, describe Hindleys reaction to the death, and next, explain how we know that Hindley can be dangerous. Hindley seems to live his son in the beginning however he started drinking too much, losing control of his acts and one day he tried to kill his own son dropping him from upstairs when Heathcliff unintentionally saved him. Hindley was violent and willing to hurt anyone when was drunk, It was definitely no save at all for anyone of the house to be with him. Catherine reveals her unpleasant side. What two things does she do? Cathering ordered Edgar to stop crying because his brother was coming, after Heathcliff threw a tureen of hot apple sauce in Edgars face and neck. And was very rude to Isabella being sarcastic, asking her if anyone hurt her, because Isabella was crying after the unpleasant incident between Heathcliff and his brother Edgar Linton.

Self Appraisal Is Useful To Start Future Planning Education Essay

Self Appraisal Is Useful To Start Future Planning Education Essay Self appraisal is useful in to start our future planning and draw a map for our future goals and aims. And assessment of our career growth will enable us to know where we are and gives us the directions to where we want to reach. A strong view about your self is very important in our lives because its play a very important role to know what is better for myself and what I have been done in my life and which big management position is suitable for me it will help to understand the followings, our life and career How work fits in other aspects of our lives Work experience A record of what we have done so far Work satisfaction Things about your work we like and enjoy Recycling you achievements The things we have done that we are proud of it Task 1 level 2 1.2: Conduct a self assessment: Skills audit The skills audit in an organisation is the process in which an organisation can identify and measure the functional skills what they have required in the organizations functions and match those requirement through design, recruitment, training and outsourcing. This process is very useful to plan the career of the company and chose the right candidate for right position for the success of the business. Self assessment: Self assessment allows you to know what you are and what you want to be and in which specific areas you need improvement to take the further responsibilities and remains competitive in the life. For this purpose you need to take the responsibilities for your career and continuing professional development. When we talk about career and want to be successful in our life than these questions we should be answered first Where are you now? Where do you want to be? How will you get there? If we want to know where we are now and where we want to be and how will we get it the question arises how we can know about this. Many philosophers and business mans and economists suggest different ways to know the answers of these questions. Where are you now? To know what your current status is, you could carry out the SWOT analysis to identify our Personal strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. This audit will help us to identify our development needs and what information we have needed to plan our future. A swot analysis can be carried out as a part of our appraisal preparation. Where do you want to be? To begin the process, first review the type of role and the level you wish to be working towards. Once you have objectively assessed your skill level and identified the directions you would like your development to take. May be you need to discussed it with your line manager because he is the person who knows the organization very well and suggest you the better way to achieve your ambitions and goals. How will you get there? You will need to carry out a self-assessment and identified your potential for skills development and then find appropriate ways to improve your skills. It will take usually weeks, months, years or sometimes longer to get sufficient skills to get a higher position. Task 1 level 3 1.3: Professional CV: My CV is attach with appendix 1.1 Task1 level 4 1.4: Personal Development Plan The PDP should incorporate your reflection on some significant training or development activities you have undertaken in your personal or professional life which assists you to plan for your professional development in the future PDP is the name of plan of action. In our daily life we can make plan but never write it down, PDP is the way by which we can achieve our targets by planning. But first of all we have to understand what PDP is? And How to create a PDP There is no right or wrong way to present your Personal Development Plan. A PDP is effectively a schedule of actions, referring directly to your aspirations for your personal development. As learners we are continually planning, but by putting our plans in writing and structuring them to enable us to best meet our aims and objectives, we increase our chances of success. A PDP allows you to set targets for yourself and to devise a clear route to achieving them. PDP is the name of followings: Assessment of current skills and knowledge to establish professional needs Planning the development Evaluate the performance Resetting aims and objectives to re plan in light of the feedbacks In PDP personal effectiveness play a very important role by commitment to the profession and flexibility to balance all aspects of life. Look at the example below: PDP cycle: F:Documentsep-pdp.jpg http://www.jiscinfonet.ac.uk/infokits/e-portfolios/pdp-background To know what I have and what i have to improve in myself to achieve my ambitions and goals and make some strategy to turn into reality we have to give answers of these questions which play a very important role to be successful. SWOT analysis: SWOT analysis will enable you to identify where you are in your current role. For example, Strengths à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ I have 5 years experience in the marketing sector à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ I am a good communicator à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ I have excellent IT skills. Weaknesses à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ I dont know much about Places of Change or how this affects the services I provide à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ I dont have any management experience. Opportunities à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ My organisation is willing to sponsor me to go on a course or training to develop my skills à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ There may be some new job promotion opportunities in my organisation Threats à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ There may be competition for new job opportunities à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ A promotion would mean moving to a specialist project which I dont have complete understanding. Next you need to turn this into a PDP. What I need to achieve, how am I going to achieve it When am I going to do it? Do I need to develop some supervision skills? I am going to do this for six months from September. 6 Are your development targets SMART When setting targets, you need to make sure that you can actually achieve them. This is called SMART targets. SMART stands for the following: http://tutorials.freeskills.com/images/articles/428/image1.gif http://tutorials.freeskills.com/setting-objectives-and-achievable-outcomes.htm PDP PLAN: untitled 222222.JPG Action plan All of the objectives and goals identified in the PDP need to be SMART to get success and better learning. TASK 2 LEVELS 1 Evaluation of learning development and objectives: 2.1: Evaluating your Success: The learning process is a cyclic process in which you need to identify your development goal that you want to achieve and then periodically you have to evaluate your progress. Taking time to evaluate and reflect your progress is essential to enable you to make necessary changes to your plan. When evaluating your progress you need to ask yourself: What have I learnt? What more do I need to do to achieve my goals? Is my progress too slow or ahead of schedule? Do I need any assistance to achieve my goal? Whats hindering my progress? Do I need to change my plan? What additional benefits am I gaining from this practice? To evaluate our objectives we have to answer these questions. What I am better able to do as a result? Every person has his own calibre of doing things and have their own goals and objectives the targets which I set in my PDP plan yes I can do it to make myself better from my colleagues and to grow my career in the sales and marketing field by learning, knowledge and getting support from my superiors and feedbacks,. Has this experience thrown up future development needs? Human are born for learning. A person can never be prefect in their lifes we always need some assistance and knowledge to improve our selfs. A person is learning in their whole life from birth to death, to achieve my entire objects I will need to get help from my manager because he is the person who know the organization very well and give me better advice in which area I need improvement to achieve my objectives and whether my plan need more to improve myself to get my objective. How well did the development method work? Improvements in myself by developing this plan for success and development it give me better ways and a clear sense of mind to achieve my objectives and by implementing it in my life now I feel a clear difference in myself and other now I can deals with customers with more confidence and energy. And I achieved my sales target which is given by the sales department but still I need a lot of improvement to achieve all my objectives and goals. Could I have gained more from this activity? Yes from these activities now I am more presentable in my work more effective in my job and it give me the right direction to improve my image in the organization and because of my performance now I am the supervisor of my sales department. Would I follow this approach again? All those things which is betterment of the people, all the people go for those ways nobody can denied with it Because everyone want to be successful in their lifes. For my future I definitely go for this approach because it give me great achievement in my profession now it is very easy for me to go and get my future aims and goals. This valuation will also provide a key lead to the next stage of the continuing cycle goals change and tasks vary and new needs will emerge it important to retrieve your own plan accordingly. Task 2 level 2 2.2: Reset planning according with time: To make yourself successful in the life we have to adopt the environmental changes accordingly as the environment around you is changes we have change over self as well, as we achieve our targets we need more objectives to grow in our life and aims to achieve a better position in the organization or achieve better target in business. In my profession if I want to be a manager then I need to increase my knowledge and learn more things and try to be more effective for the organization and achieve our targets timely and more professionally to be a manger of my organization I need to learn more things and change my PDP accordingly to learn those skills I need multi skills to manage everything in the department and also need of basic managements skills. Technical skills: skills needed to perform specialized tasks. Human relation skills: skills in understanding and getting along with people in the organization. Connectional skills: abilities to think in the abstract, diagnose and analyze different situations, and see beyond the present situation. Decision making skills: skills I defining problems and selecting the best course of action. To make this happen I need to make my strategy accordingly and learn more things from my superiors and by increasing my qualification which need to be a manager and talk to the colleagues to get assistance from them. And set the targeted time to achieve all the objectives. Task 3 level 1: 3.1: Problems at work: There are numbers of problems which employs are facing around them at work. there are some many small problems which leads to the biggest turnover in the organization. Some of the most major work problems are as followings: 1: job satisfaction: Its very important for an employ for his interest his job is according to his desires and interest, otherwise job satisfaction is very difficult to obtain, sometimes employers gives some different work to the employs which is not according to the specialization, desires and interest of the employ which leads to the disappointment, frustration from work . If it does not corrected on time it will lead to employs resign from the job. 2: management factors: In the organization management have key role in the success of business. If management did not understanding the problems of the employs and their needs then it is very difficult for the employs to remain in the business it will leads to the larger turnover from the business. 3: Job stress: Lots of employs faces job stress on their work because of the larger work pressure and overload of work which is not according to the willpower of the employs it is also a bigger problem which is faced by the workers at work. 4: Low Resources availability: Less availability of resources at work according to the job requirements some times it make difficult for the employs to work with low resources according to the job which leads to the high turnover from the road. 5: Employer treatment: Sometimes employer behaviour towards the employs is very disappointed. They treat the employs like machines which is the biggest work base problem for the employs. Task 3 level 2 3.2: Communication: No matter how brilliant you are and your idea, it is worthless until unless you can able share it with others in the organisation. For this reason, effective communication is very crucial at every level. The oxford English dictionary defines communication as: The imparting, conveying or exchange of ideas, knowledge etc., (whether by speech writing or signs) interchange of speech. Types of communications: There are two types of communication written and oral communication Oral communication describes any type of inter-action that makes use of spoken words. Written communication involves any type of interaction that makes use of the written word. Both of these communications methods is very important and have a great significance in the life of the peoples. In the organization we adopt different ways to convey our message to others. By Speak effectively Delivering presentation Prepare written communication Display interpersonal understanding Time management: http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.jdsblog.com/wp-content/uploads/time-management-workflow.jpgimgrefurl When we think of time management, however, we tend to think of personal time management, managing our time is defined as, less wastage of time in doing things we have extra time to do the things what we want to do Therefore, time management is presented as a set of time management skills; the theory is that once we master the time management skills, well be more organized, efficient, and successful. Personal time management skills include: Goal setting; Planning; Prioritizing; Decision-making; Delegating; Scheduling. Task 4 level 1 4.1 Learning: Learning is very important throughout our lives if we stop learning our growth in our self is also stop and we cannot achieve any further goals. There are two types of learnings primary and secondary source of learning Primary sources of learning: On the job learning: On the job learning is those things which we learn from our surroundings at work place it is the very common and quick way of learning. Personal observation: This type of learning is obtain by observing things around you and adopts the things which are good for the future growth. Readings: Books are the best companion of every person we can learn most of the things from books it is the most effective way of learning. Research: Most of the things which we dont know like customers need and history of the world to know all about things research is the only way to know about them. Secondary source of learnings: Training: Some time most of the skills we know but for improving that skills training is very important to learn those skills which we need to improve our existing skills. Coaching: It is helping another person to improve awareness, to set and achieve goals in order to improve a particular behavioural performance Mentoring: It is helping to shape an individuals beliefs and values in a positive way; often a longer term career relationship from someone who has done it before Internet: Internet is the first quickest source of learning in these days by searching on internet we can get everything every easy which is helpful to learn these things which is useful for the development. Kolbs learning (learning styles) model Kolbs learning theory sets out four distinct learning styles. which are based on a four-stage learning cycle. In this respect Kolbs model is particularly useful because it offers both ways to understand individual peoples different learning styles, and also an explanation of a cycle of experiential learning that applies to us all. Kolb says that ideally this process represents a learning cycle or spiral where the learner touches all the bases, i.e. a cycle of experiencing, reflecting, thinking, and acting. Kolbs model therefore works on two levels a four-stage cycle: Concrete Experience Reflective Observation Abstract Conceptualization Active Experimentation and a four-type definition of learning styles, (each representing the combination of two preferred styles, rather like a two-by-two matrix of the four-stage cycle styles, as illustrated below), for which Kolb used the terms:   Diverging (feeling and watching) Assimilating (watching and thinking) Converging (doing and thinking) Accommodating (doing and feeling) Diagrams of Kolbs learning style http://www.ldu.leeds.ac.uk/ldu/sddu_multimedia/kolb/static_version.php Task 4 level 2 4.2: Lifelong learning: All learning activities undertaken throughout life with the aim of improving knowledge skills and competences with in a personal, civil, social or employment related missions. Lifelong learning is obtained by the followings: Variety in roles Job rotation Rewards Job enlargement Cultural changes Job enrichment Task 4 level 3 Research methods: There are two types research method Qualitative methods used in social marketing include observations, in-depth interviews and group discussions. Qualitative research is used to help us understand how people feel and why they feel as they do. Depth interviews or group discussions are two common methods used for collecting qualitative information. Quantitative market research  typically includes customer surveys and questionnaires these can be conducted face-to-face by interview, over the telephone, via post or email, online or via your website. Research resources: Primary research involves getting  original data  directly about the product and market. Primary research data is data that did not exist before. It is getting by field research designed to answer specific questions of interest to the business. Face-to-face interviews Telephone interviews   Online surveys Questionnaires Secondary marketing research, or desk research,  already existed information in the form of reports, internet and magazines and other companies collected information. It is relatively cheap, and can be conducted quite quickly and easily. Task 4 level 4: 4.4: Presentation on PDP and feedbacks What is PDP plan? An introduction: PDP is the name of plan of action all the plans which include in the PDP must be SMART and all the objectives and aims set in the PDP should be aware of SWOT. My PDP plan: My PDP plan shows the long and short term plan to achieve my aims and objectives. It based on my experience and qualification I have and how much experience or qualification I need more to get my ambitions in my life I want to be a manager in my organization I showed all the task and times limit in which I complete all my tasks and in future I get that position where I want to be. Implementation of PDP plan: First of all need some extra qualification thats why I have to join some management course and complete that course in that period of time and also attend some management training sessions to get the necessary management skills. And get help from my supervisor. Results: Results after done all these things it is quiet useful for me to get a management position in my organization. Conclusions: All the points in this assignment is more helpful to understand the nature of the professional development and the needs of employs to succeed in their professional life and who they can achieve this success.

Genetically Modified Foods Essay -- GMOs, Genetically Modified Crops

Genetically Modified Foods With an ever-growing population and the problems of world hunger, there has been a high demand for an increased food supply and a better food supply. Technology has been called upon to meet this challenge. The advent of genetically engineered foods, sometimes called transgenic crops or genetically modified foods, is not a new concept, but the controversy over it is. Can these "frankenfoods" be harmful to humans? What are their effects on the environment? The following paper will focus on such questions as well as providing a better understanding of what genetically modified foods are and how they should be regulated. What are genetically modified foods? Although traditional plant breeding has been around for ages, the development of recombinant DNA techniques have offered a wide range of valuable genes and methods of inserting them into the plant genomes. Two major advances in molecular biology have resulted in new plant breeding technology: "The construction of genetic maps saturated with DNA markers, and the subsequent design of relatively simple PCR-based assays to facilitate the selection of desired alleles at closely linked loci and the resulting development of plant lines with desired combinations of traits; The cloning and DNA sequencing of specific genes, the reassembly of specific DNA fragments into functional chimeric genes, and the transfer of such genes to single plant cells from which complete plants can be regenerated via cell and tissue culture." (Conner et. al, 1999) It is the second method of breeding that has come into the most light recently and offers the opportunity to develop a wide variety of new crop cultivars. Transgenic plants are usually made up of a gene... ...ally engineered crops. Current Opinion in Biotechnology. Vol. 10, 1999. Pp. 298-302. OCDE (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). Consensus document on general information concerning the genes and their enzymes that confer tolerance to glyphosphate herbicide.1999. http://www.oecd.org/ehs/ehsmono/#BIO Snow, Allison and Pedro Moran Palma. Commercialization of transgenic plants: potential ecological risks. BioScience. Vol. 47, Feb. 1997. Pp. 86-96. Steinbrecher, Ricarda A. From green to gene evolution: the environmental risks of genetically engineered crops. The Ecologist. Vol. 26, Nov./Dec., 1996. Pp. 273-281. 14. Traynor, Patricia and James H. Westwood, Eds. Proceedings of a workshop on: ecological effects of pest resistance genes in managed ecosystems (Jan. 31-Feb. 3, 1999). Information Systems for Biotechnology. http://www.isb.vt.edu

Re-creating Visions of Childhood in Livelys Oleander, Jacaranda :: Oleander Jacaranda

Re-creating Visions of Childhood in Lively's 'Oleander, Jacaranda'  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Penelope Lively's 'Oleander, Jacaranda' is a novella that incorporates three large, complex issues. Lively describes aspects of her childhood, discusses the philosophy behind these 'frozen moments' as she tells of the incidents she recollects and gives a thorough portrayal of Egypt in the nineteen thirties and forties. Lively uses a number of different techniques and language skills in this rather complicated novel. I will discuss the way she attempts to achieve this and will summarize with my personal opinion as to whether or not I think she succeeds. The author writes about the 'brilliant frozen moments' that are the static images from her childhood that are lodged firmly in her' head. I think the statement she makes regarding these 'moments' in that they are 'distorted by the wisdom's of maturity' is an accurate point to make. The images are presented in the present tense giving the feeling of realism to her childhood perceptions. I think Lively demonstrates her passion for these memories in the language she uses to describe them. The images are not always pleasant ones. For example, she writes about her fear of the animals that she doesn't understand: 'The stuffed form of a Nile catfish of great size' leaves her 'shuddering'. Her fear of the ferocious creatures that inhabit the environment she lives in are brought alive by her vivid descriptions. The lion house where the animals 'slink to and fro' harbors a potent 'unmistakable' smell, which she imagines she smells at Bulaq Dakhrur.   Here she illustrates her fear by the use of clipped short sentences that are questions as she is obviously uncertain for her safety as she'belts towards the house, given wings by primeval terror'. I think it is apparent that the frozen moments have remained with clarity in her mind due to the enormous emotional content of each one. She remembers leaving Bulaq Dakhrur and discovering the kit bags of the boys who never came back. At the beginning of Chapter 4, at the young age of six, she is taken by her mother (another unpleasant event linked with her mother) to a'pre-Dynastic burial' where she views a skeleton lying in the 'foetal position'- a startling juxtaposition of life next to death. At other times, she uses sensual descriptions to emphasise a single moment- 'the blurry chintz' the 'clacking needles' all sounds and textures and smells that engulfed her in her 'filmy white tent'. Re-creating Visions of Childhood in Lively's 'Oleander, Jacaranda' :: Oleander Jacaranda Re-creating Visions of Childhood in Lively's 'Oleander, Jacaranda'  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Penelope Lively's 'Oleander, Jacaranda' is a novella that incorporates three large, complex issues. Lively describes aspects of her childhood, discusses the philosophy behind these 'frozen moments' as she tells of the incidents she recollects and gives a thorough portrayal of Egypt in the nineteen thirties and forties. Lively uses a number of different techniques and language skills in this rather complicated novel. I will discuss the way she attempts to achieve this and will summarize with my personal opinion as to whether or not I think she succeeds. The author writes about the 'brilliant frozen moments' that are the static images from her childhood that are lodged firmly in her' head. I think the statement she makes regarding these 'moments' in that they are 'distorted by the wisdom's of maturity' is an accurate point to make. The images are presented in the present tense giving the feeling of realism to her childhood perceptions. I think Lively demonstrates her passion for these memories in the language she uses to describe them. The images are not always pleasant ones. For example, she writes about her fear of the animals that she doesn't understand: 'The stuffed form of a Nile catfish of great size' leaves her 'shuddering'. Her fear of the ferocious creatures that inhabit the environment she lives in are brought alive by her vivid descriptions. The lion house where the animals 'slink to and fro' harbors a potent 'unmistakable' smell, which she imagines she smells at Bulaq Dakhrur.   Here she illustrates her fear by the use of clipped short sentences that are questions as she is obviously uncertain for her safety as she'belts towards the house, given wings by primeval terror'. I think it is apparent that the frozen moments have remained with clarity in her mind due to the enormous emotional content of each one. She remembers leaving Bulaq Dakhrur and discovering the kit bags of the boys who never came back. At the beginning of Chapter 4, at the young age of six, she is taken by her mother (another unpleasant event linked with her mother) to a'pre-Dynastic burial' where she views a skeleton lying in the 'foetal position'- a startling juxtaposition of life next to death. At other times, she uses sensual descriptions to emphasise a single moment- 'the blurry chintz' the 'clacking needles' all sounds and textures and smells that engulfed her in her 'filmy white tent'.